Introduction A boutonniere deformity occurs when the tendon that straightens the middle joint of your finger is injured, weakened or stretched.  The injury allows the middle finger joint to bend (flex) and the end finger joint to pull back and hyperextend.  This makes the finger appear crooked.  A boutonniere deformity can cause pain and loss of function.  […]

Introduction Botox Cosmetic is used by both men and women for vanishing frown lines without surgery or downtime.  Botox is an injected prescription medication that temporarily improves the appearance of moderate to severe frown lines between the eyebrows (glabellar lines).  Approximately 11.8 million Botox Cosmetic procedures have been performed since its FDA approval in 2002.  […]

Introduction BOTOX® is useful for more than smoothing out wrinkles.  In fact, it is indicated for treating painful muscle spasms and contractions in the neck (cervical dystonia), tension headaches, migraine headaches, back pain, and myofascial pain.  BOTOX injections are used to block the nerve signals that trigger muscle hyperactivity.  In many cases, the effects of […]

Bone Mineral Density Testing (BMD) is an evaluation used to help diagnose osteoporosis, a progressive disease that causes bone loss, and increases bone fracture risk.  Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a type of bone density testing.  BMD testing is generally recommended for women under the age of 65 with risk factors other than menopause, postmenopausal women with […]

Introduction Primary bone cancer is cancer that originates in the bone.  It is different than metastasized cancer, where cancer can spread to the bone from other parts of the body.  Pain and swelling are the most common symptoms of primary bone cancer.  Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation are the main treatments.  The best outcomes are associated with treatment that is […]

Introduction Blepharitis is a common eyelid infection.  It is an inflammation that occurs along the inner or outer side of the eyelashes on the eyelids.  Blepharitis is most frequently caused by an overgrowth of bacteria.  It is treated with good eyelid hygiene, and in some cases, prescription medicine. Anatomy Your eyelids cover and protect your eyes.  […]

Introduction Bladder cancer occurs when the cells in the bladder grow abnormally or out of control.  The exact cause of bladder cancer is unknown; however cigarette smoking and exposure to certain industrial chemicals appear to be risk factors.  The most common symptoms of bladder cancer are blood in the urine and changes in urinary habits.  […]

Introduction Human bite injuries result from fist fighting or the intentional act of biting to inflict harm.  Bite injuries occur during fist fighting if the fist of one person strikes the teeth of another person.  Hand injuries from human bites can result in lacerations and injuries to the bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, and […]